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a Related Biological Terms:

buoyancy factor

In analytical ultracentrifugation, one of the factors that determine a macromolecule's rate of sedimentation; (1-ur), where u is the partial specific volume of the macromolecule (expressed as ml/g) and r is the density of the solution (expressed as g/ml).

-clast

A suffix that indicates a cell that destroys or resorbs, e.g. osteoclast.

C kinase

(= protein kinase C (PKC))

C value

The calculated value of the total DNA content of a cell per haploid number of chromosomes.

C-terminal

In a polypeptide sequence, that unique residue which is connected to the linear sequence by its amino group, leaving it with a free carboxy group. In practice, the carboxy group of a C-terminal residue may be modified, e.g. by amidation or, in the case of pyroglutamate, by internal lactamization. (see also N-terminal)

C-terminal (carboxyl-terminal) analysis

A chemical method for determination of C-terminal residues of proteins by cleavage by hydrazinolysis, which generates amino acid hydrazides of all amino acids except the C-terminal one; also an enzymic method using limited cleavage by a carboxypeptidase that sequentially liberates amino acid residues from the C-terminal position, i.e. the C-terminal residue first, the penultimate residue second, etc. Learn more about restriction enzymes.

C. elegans

(see Caenorhabitis elegans)

C4 photosynthesis (C4 cycle; Hatch-Slack pathway)

A variant of C3 photosynthesis in which CO2 is first concentrated at the site of photosynthesis by carboxylation of phosphoenolpyruvate to oxaloacetate, which is then transported as such or as an interchangeable 4-carbon dicarboxylic acid to the site of photosynthesis. This is an advantage to the plant because the key enzyme, ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase, which in photosynthesis forms 2 mol of 3-phosphoglycerate, has a competing activity, O2 photorespiration, which produces both 3-phosphoglycerate and phosphoglycolate. (see also C3-C4 photosynthesis)Rawsthorne, S. (1992) Essays Biochem. 27, 135-146 Related tool: real time pcr

C6C3 metabolite

(= shikimic acid metabolite (C6C3 metabolite))

CAAT box

A regulatory sequence upstream from some eukaryotic structural genes.

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