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a Related Biological Terms:

capillary array electrophoresis (CAE)

A method for rapid separation of large numbers of DNA fragments and their characterization by length, e.g. for identification of genetic markers for forensic or genetic linkage analysis. The mixture of fragments is labelled with a fluorophore for sensitive detection and separated under denaturing conditions by capillary electrophoresis. The sizes of the fragments are determined with the aid of standards of known length, which are labeled with different fluorophoreMansfield, E.S., Vainer, M., Enad, S., Barker, D.L., Harris, D., Rappaport, E. and Fortina, P. (1996) genome Res. 6, 893-903 Related tool: real time pcr

capillary electrophoresis

(see electrophoresis)Landers, J.P. (1993) Trends Biochem. Sci. 18, 409-414

capping

The process of modifying the 5'-end of eukaryotic mRNA with 7-methylguanine. (see also cap)

caprine

Derived from the goat.

capsid

The protein coat of a virus.

captive antibody

(see sandwich immunoassay)

carbanion

A transient species in which a carbon atom bears a formal negative charge, e.g. an intermediate in the carboxylation of glutamate residues of preprothrombin. (see also carbocation (carbonium ion))

carbocation (carbonium ion)

Any stable or transitory ion in which a carbon atom bears a formal positive charge. (see also carbanion)

carbohydrate

One of a class of biological materials comprising sugars, polymers of sugars, and compounds related to them. The name derives from the basic sugar structure, (CH2O)n. The category includes reduction and oxidation products, phosphate and sulphate esters, and amine derivatives.

carbon cycle

The movement of carbon atoms through different chemical forms and locations, from dissolved CO2 in equilibrium with atmospheric CO2 through plant carbohydrate, fats and proteins of plants and animals, and via oxidation back to atmospheric CO2.

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