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a Related Biological Terms:

CAAX box

(see prenyl)

CASTing

(= cyclic amplification and selection of targets (CASTing))

CAT assay

(= chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) assay)

CATH

The acronym for class, architecture, topology, homologous superfamily; a hierarchical system of classification of protein structures named for the highest of the hierarchies: class refers to the secondary structure content (i.e. α-helix, β-sheet, both, little secondary structure); architecture refers to the motifs (e.g. ribbon, sheet, barrel); topology describes the overall shape and connectivity of the structural features; and homologous superfamily refers to the groups of proteins that have been classed together on the basis of amino-acid sequence similarities. Any protein can be assigned first to a class, then within the class to an architecture, then to a topology, etc.

CIP classification

The system of nomenclature of asymmetrical compounds devised by Cahn, Ingold and Prelog. (see also chirality; R)

Ca2+-myristoyl switch

The mechanism by which Ca2+ signals a change in a myristoylated protein. In its non-liganded state, the acylated N-terminal amino group is buried in the protein's interior; upon binding to Ca2+, the protein undergoes a dramatic conformational change, which exposes the acyl group and allows it to insert into a lipid bilayer membrane.Ames, J.A., Ishima, R., Tanaka, T., Gordon, J.I., Stryer, L, and Ikura, M. (1997) Nature (London) 389, 198-202 Related term: Protein Biology

Ca2+-myristoyl switch

The mechanism by which Ca2+ signals a change in a myristoylated protein. In its non-liganded state, the acylated N-terminal amino group is buried in the protein's interior; upon binding Ca2+, the protein undergoes a dramatic conformational change, which exposes the acyl group and allows it to insert into a lipid bilayer membrane.

Caenorhabitis elegans

A nematode; a small worm favored by developmental and molecular biologists because if its ability to grow under laboratory conditions, its short generation time and its transparency. Because of its simplicity, it is possible to trace the development of the zygote to each of the approx. 1000 cells of the adultHodgkin, J. and Herman, R.K. (1998) Trends Genet. 14, 352-357; Hodgkin, J., Horvitz, H.R., Jasny, B.R. and Kimble, J. (1998, eds.) C. elegans: Sequence to Biology, Science 282, 2011-2046

Calvin cycle (reductive pentose cycle)

The series of metabolic reactions by which carbon dioxide is fixed into glycolytic intermediates; the dark reactions of photosynthesis. (see also Hill reaction)

Carboxy-terminal domain (CTD)

The domain of a protein which includes the carboxy-terminal amino residue.

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