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a Related Biological Terms:

beta (β)-ribbon

A DNA-recognition motif; a segment of antiparallel β-structure that can fit into the major groove of a double-stranded polynucleotide and bind to it due to very specific interactions between side chains of the protein and phosphate residues and edges of base pairs of the polynucleotide.Kim, S.-H. (1992) Science 255, 1217-1218 Learn more about sgRNA.

beta (β)-structure

(= beta (β)-pleated sheet)

beta (β)-turn

(= reverse turn)

bi-antennary

(see tetra-antennary)

bi-product analogue (collected substrate inhibitor)

An inhibitor of a hydrolase that incorporates structural features of both products of catalysis, and thus can bridge the S1 and S1' subsites. (see also specificity subsite)

bidirectional PCR amplification of specific alleles (bi-PASA)

A method for determination of zygosity. Two sets of primers are used. Of the inner set, primer A is complementary to a point mutation on the coding strand and primer B is complementary to the wild-type non-coding strand. The outer set of primers, P and Q, flank the mutation site on the coding and non-coding strands, respectively. P and Q are chosen so that the amplicons PB and AQ will have characteristic lengths. The pattern of PCR products is informative of the zygosity of the tested genomic DNA: all samples will generate PQ; the heterozygote and the homozygous wild-type will generate PB and the heterozygote and homozygous mutant will generate AQ. A and B are designed to mismatch the unintended allele at their 3' ends and they possess G+C-rich tails. The efficiency of replication is affected by template transfer: as replication of an amplicon proceeds, it replaces genomic DNA as the template. In bi-PASA, as PQ accumulates, it also can serve as a template for amplification of the shorter fragments. This is contrasted with self amplification, which occurs when the shorter templates replicate only themselves. Self amplification is favored by the G+C-rich tails and by annealing conditions that discourage all but the stronger G-C bonds. Basically similar to bi-PASA is tetra-primer PCR, in which the internal set of primers are mismatched in the middle of their sequences, and they lack G+C-rich tails. This variation requires high- and low-stringency annealing conditions to generate appropriate amounts of the three potential amplicons, whereas bi-PASA uses a constant annealing temperature.Lu, Q., Thorland, E.C., Heit, J.A. and Sommer, S.S. (1997) genome Res. 7, 389-398 Related tool: real time pcr

bidirectional replication

Synthesis of DNA that is effected by two replication forks that travel away from a single origin of replication.

bile acid

One of the products of cholesterol hydroxylation and side-chain oxidation to the level of a carboxylic acid. The carboxylate is often conjugated through an amide bond to a glycine or a cysteic acid. Excreted into the small intestine from the gall bladder, bile acids act as detergents, and aid lipid absorption. Check our peptide calculator tool.

bimolecular sheet

(= lipid bilayer (bimolecular sheet))

binary system

In transgenic research, an approach to control expression of one transgene by a second, each initially established in its own pedigree. By crossing the two lines, doubly transgenic animals are created in which the control may become operational. The gene of interest is regulated by an exogenous ligand acting either as a positive regulator that binds to a repressor or as a negative regulator that binds to a transactivator. The repressor or transactivator are products of the second transgene. Related tool: reverse complement

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