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a Related Biological Terms:

base

In nucleic acid chemistry, one of the nitrogenous compounds, i.e. purines and pyrimidines, that are incorporated into nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids. The most common bases are adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine and uracil, abbreviated as A, C, G, T and U respectively.

base equivalency rule

(= Chargaff's rule)

base flipping

The distortion of a double-stranded DNA structure that disrupts a base pair and redirects one nucleoside of the pair outwards, where it can interact with a DNA-modifying enzyme such as a methyltransferase. Kunkel, T.A. and Wilson, S.H. (1996) Nature (London) 384, 25-26; Roberts, R.J. and Cheng, X. (1998) Annu. Rev. Biochem. 67, 181-198 Learn more about restriction enzymes.

base pair

In a nucleic acid double helix, a purine and a pyrimidine on different strands that interact by hydrogen bonding, most commonly a GC or AT pair.

base roll

Variation in orientation of bases in a DNA double helix that permits some tilting of the bases. (see also A-DNA; Z-DNA)

basement membrane

An extracellular network of fibres and glycoconjugates that underlies and strengthens some tissues; an interface between these tissues and the connective tissue that surrounds them.Timpl, R. (1996) Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 8, 618-624

basolateral

Descriptive of the border of an epithelial cell that is attached to the basement membrane. (see also apical (luminal))

basophil

A polymorphonuclear leucocyte containing granules that react with a histological stain for basic substances.

bathochromic shift

A shift to longer wavelengths.

beta (β)-amino acid

A zwitterionic compound with carboxyl and amino groups on adjacent carbons: H2N-CHR-CHR'-COOH. Visit our amino acid table tool page to learn more.

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