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a Related Biological Terms:

exinuclease

An endonuclease that functions to excise damaged bases, e.g. thymidine dimers.

exon scanning

A procedure for approximating sites of alternate splicing. In the PCR amplification of cDNA, a single primer matched to a sequence near one end, 3’ or 5’, of the coding sequence, is paired with primers matched to sites increasingly remote from it. The pairs that amplify multiple bands are directed to sites that bracket a site of alternate splicing.

exon trapping

A method for recovery of exons from random segments of cloned genomic DNA that depends upon passage through a retroviral life cycle; non-viral genomic DNA is spliced and may then be excised as cDNA from the viral DNA using appropriate exonucleases. Duyk, G.M., Kim, S., Myers, R.M. and Cox, D.R. (1990) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 87, 8995-8999 Learn more about sgRNA.

exonuclease footprinting (DNase footprinting)

A method for identification of a protein-binding region in a double-stranded DNA fragment. One 5'-end of the DNA fragment is labelled with 32P and the DNA-fragment-protein complex is treated with a 3'-exonuclease to digest from the 3'-end until it meets the region protected by the DNA-binding protein. The labelled strand is characterized subsequently by its size to indicate the distance of the site of the binding protein from the 5'-end of the fragment. The technique is suitable for localization of a binding site to a specific region of a large DNA fragment, whereas footprinting gives the exact sequence of the binding site of a smaller fragment. (see also footprinting)Revzin, A. (ed.) (1993) footprinting of Nucleic Acid-Protein Complexes, Academic Press, San Diego Learn more about restriction enzymes.

exopeptidase

A peptidase that cleaves a protein sequentially, starting at the N-terminal peptide bond (an aminopeptidase) or at the C-terminal peptide bond (a carboxypeptidase).

explant

A small sample of living tissue, often consisting of different tissue types, that can be sustained in a relatively differentiated state under cell culture conditions. (see also cell culture)

expressed sequence tag (EST)

A partial coding sequence isolated at random from a cDNA library; like a sequence-tagged site for mapping total genomic DNA, used for identification and mapping of coding sequences, for discovery of new genes and (by reference to sequence data banks) for discovery of identities with other genes. Venter, C. (1993) Nature Genet. 4, 373-380 Recommended reading: next generation sequencing

expression-library immunization (ELI)

The use of an expression library constructed from the complete or partial DNA complement of a pathogen to immunize a host without the risk of infection.Barry, M.A., Lai, W.C. and Johnston, SA (1995) Nature (London) 377, 632-635

extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS)

A technique for investigation of the immediate environment of metal atoms in metalloprotein crystals or solutions, e.g. Fe-S bond distances in rubredoxin; the X-ray energy is varied and the fine structure of the absorption spectrum is recorded indirectly as fluorescent radiation. Diakun, G.P. (1990) Nature (London) 344, 83-84

extrinsic factor

Vitamin B12. (see also intrinsic factor)

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