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a Related Biological Terms:

enkephalin

A pentapeptide isolated from the brain which has opiate properties, e.g. Met-enkephalin (Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Met), Leu-enkephalin (Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe-Leu). (see also endorphin)

enterohepatic circulation

The movement of a metabolite, e.g. a bile acid, from secretion by the gall bladder into the lumen of the intestine, its absorption, transport to the liver, and re-secretion in the bile.

enthalpy

A measure of the internal energy of a system, comprising binding forces, pressure, etc., expressed as J/mol (or cal/mol). (see also second law of thermodynamics)

envelope conformation

A conformation of a five-membered ring, e.g. a furanose, in which four ring atoms lie in a plane and C-2 or C-3 (2-endo or 3-endo) is out of the plane. (see also twist conformation)

enzyme mechanism

An elaborate system of nomenclature has been proposed to describe, from the perspective of kinetics, the variety of enzyme mechanisms. Uni, Bi, Ter and Quad refer to the number of substrates or products (e.g. Bi Bi refers to an enzyme that is bi-reactant in both directions, and uni bi to an enzyme that is uni-reactant in the forward direction and bi-reactant in the reverse direction). Ordered describes a mechanism that has an obligatory sequence of addition of reactants (and dissociation of products), sequential a mechanism in which all reactants are added before any product is released, and random a mechanism where there is no obligatory sequence. Ping Pong describes cases in which one or more products are released before all of the substrates have added to the enzyme. Iso refers to situations in which the enzyme undergoes isomerization to another stable form during the catalytic cycle. Cleland, W.W. (1963) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 67, 104-137 Learn more about restriction enzymes.

enzyme-activated inhibitor

(= suicide inhibitor; see mechanism-based inhibitor)

enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

(= ELISA)

enzyme-substrate complex (Michaelis complex)

The association of a substrate with an enzyme that is an obligatory intermediate in conversion of the substrate into the product of the enzymic reaction.

epigenetic state

The condition of a cell that has been programmed during early embryogenesis, e.g. into ectoderm, endoderm or mesoderm, to a developmental fate that will be expressed many generations later.

epitope library

(= random peptide library)

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