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a Related Biological Terms:

euchromatin

In cytology, the lightly staining regions of chromosomes that contain less-condensed chromatin and are the regions that are transcribed as RNA. (see also heterochromatin)

eukaryote

Common name of a member of the Eucarya, one of the three domains of living organisms that are classified according to rRNA sequence homologies; they are further characterized by cells containing nuclei and membranes composed primarily of diacylglycerol derivatives. The other two domains are the Eubacteria (the bacteria), which have no nuclei (i.e. prokaryotes) and also have diacylglycerol derivative membrane components, and the Archaea (archaebacteria), which are also prokaryotes; they have a membrane composed of isoprenyl glycerol diether and tetraether lipids. Kingdoms within the Eucarya include plants, animals and fungi; kingdoms of the Archae are euryarchaeotes (or euryotes), which include methanogenic, halophilic, sulphur-reducing and some thermophilic organisms, and the crenarchaeotes (or crenotes), which include other sulphur-dependent organisms, thermoacidophiles and extreme thermophiles (eocytes). Woese, C.R., Kandler, O. and Wheelis, M.L. (1990) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 87, 4576-4579 Learn more about sgRNA.

euryarchaeote

(see eukaryote)

evolutionary tree

(= phylogenetic tree (evolutionary tree))

exaptation

The adaptation over evolutionary time of a protein, and its gene, to a novel function; e.g. the transformation of trypsinogen into an antifreeze glycoprotein.

exchange protein

(= phospholipid-transfer protein (exchange protein))

exchange reaction

A partial enzymic reaction, especially when only one of two substrates is present, in which chemical groups or single atoms of the substrate equilibrate with the medium, with a cofactor or with one of the products, e.g. the acetate-dependent incorporation of [32P]Pi into ATP, catalysed by acetyl-CoA synthetase, in the absence of coenzyme A.

excision repair

The removal of a segment of a DNA duplex that contains a thymine or other dimer, formed by ultraviolet-light-induced damage, and resynthesis and ligation of the excised sequence. Seeberg, E., Eide, L. and Bjoras, M. (1995) Trends Biochem. Sci. 20, 391-397

excitable membrane

A membrane containing a receptor which transduces an external signal, e.g. a membrane containing acetylcholine receptors or rhodopsin.

excitation spectrum

In fluorescence spectroscopy, emission at a longer, fixed, wavelength as a function of the wavelength of the exciting light. (see also emission spectrum)

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