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a Related Biological Terms:

field desorption mass spectrometry

(see mass spectrometry (MS))

field ionization mass spectrometry

(see mass spectrometry (MS))

field-flow (field-force) fractionation (FFF)

A group of techniques for resolution of mixtures of macromolecules or colloidal particles. An external driving force (e.g. gravitational, electrical, magnetic) is applied perpendicular to the direction of continuous flow of the mixture through an elongated chamber, and the deflection of each suspended species in the field directs it to a unique area on the accumulation surface of the chamber.

field-force fractionation

(= field-flow (field-force) fractionation (FFF))

fission-fragment-induced desorption

(= plasma-desorption mass spectrometry; see mass spectrometry (MS))

flagellum

A long extension from the surface of a cell, often used for motility. Bacterial flagella are composed of strands of protein; eukaryotic flagella have an axoneme core.

flame photometry

An analytical technique to quantify small amounts of some elements, especially alkali metals, in solution; the solution is vapourized in a flame and the intensity of the characteristic spectral line emission produced by excitation of the metal atoms is detected by a photomultiplier. (see also atomic absorption analysis)

flame-emission photometry

see atomic absorption spectrometry

flanking sequence

In molecular biology, "flanking sequence" refers to the nucleotide sequences adjacent to a specific DNA sequence of interest. Flanking sequences can be found on either side of the target sequence and are typically used as reference points or landmarks for various applications in molecular biology. One common application of flanking sequences is DNA sequencing, which is used as primer-binding sites for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. PCR is a technique that allows scientists to amplify a specific region of DNA by using a set of primers that bind to flanking sequences on either side of the target region. The amplified DNA can then be sequenced to determine the sequence of the target region. Flanking sequences can also be used in genetic engineering to facilitate the insertion of a foreign DNA fragment into a host genome. By including flanking sequences that are homologous to the target genomic region, the foreign DNA can be inserted into the genome through a process called homologous recombination. This technique is commonly used to create transgenic organisms with specific genetic modifications. Flanking sequences can also be important for identifying and characterizing genetic mutations or variations. For example, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are variations in a single nucleotide within a DNA sequence that can significantly affect gene expression and protein function. Flanking sequences can be used to design PCR primers that amplify the region of DNA containing the SNP, allowing scientists to study its effects on gene expression or disease risk. In summary, flanking sequences are nucleotide sequences adjacent to a specific DNA sequence of interest. They are commonly used in PCR amplification, genetic engineering, and genetic variation analysis, and are important landmarks for various applications in molecular biology.

flip-flop (transverse diffusion)

The slow diffusion of membrane lipids from one leaflet of a lipid bilayer to the other.

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