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flanking sequence

In molecular biology, "flanking sequence" refers to the nucleotide sequences adjacent to a specific DNA sequence of interest. Flanking sequences can be found on either side of the target sequence and are typically used as reference points or landmarks for various applications in molecular biology.

One common application of flanking sequences is DNA sequencing, which is used as primer-binding sites for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. PCR is a technique that allows scientists to amplify a specific region of DNA by using a set of primers that bind to flanking sequences on either side of the target region. The amplified DNA can then be sequenced to determine the sequence of the target region.

Flanking sequences can also be used in genetic engineering to facilitate the insertion of a foreign DNA fragment into a host genome. By including flanking sequences that are homologous to the target genomic region, the foreign DNA can be inserted into the genome through a process called homologous recombination. This technique is commonly used to create transgenic organisms with specific genetic modifications.

Flanking sequences can also be important for identifying and characterizing genetic mutations or variations. For example, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are variations in a single nucleotide within a DNA sequence that can significantly affect gene expression and protein function. Flanking sequences can be used to design PCR primers that amplify the region of DNA containing the SNP, allowing scientists to study its effects on gene expression or disease risk.

In summary, flanking sequences are nucleotide sequences adjacent to a specific DNA sequence of interest. They are commonly used in PCR amplification, genetic engineering, and genetic variation analysis, and are important landmarks for various applications in molecular biology.

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