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a Related Biological Terms:

equatorial

(see axial)

equilibrium dialysis

Equilibrium dialysis is a specific application of dialysis that is important for studying the binding of small molecules and ions by proteins. Equilibrium dialysis is also a method for determining the association constants for hapten-antibody reactions by placing hapten and antibodies in compartments separated by a semipermeable membrane, thereby allowing hapten to diffuse across the membrane until its concentration reaches equilibrium. In equilibrium dialysis, a protein-free and a protein-containing compartment are separated by a semi-permeable membrane, and measurement of the total drug concentration in each yields the unbound fraction. Equilibrium dialysis is still regarded as the ‘gold standard’ method by most researchers. In this technique, two cells are separated by a semipermeable membrane which precludes high molecular weight compounds and plasma proteins from crossing from one cell to the other but does allow the transfer of low molecular weight compounds to occur.

equilibrium labelling

In metabolic studies, the exposure of a biological system (e.g. a tissue slice, a cell culture, mitochondria) to a radiolabelled metabolite over a relatively long time so as to establish a constant steady-state specific radioactivity in downstream metabolites, in order to observe the metabolic fate of individual atoms of the original metabolite. (see also pulse labelling) Related service: cell line development

equilibrium sedimentation ultracentrifugation

A technique for evaluation of the molecular mass of a polymer by determination of the extent of sedimentation at which the force exerted upon a macromolecule in a centrifuge is balanced by its diffusion due to Brownian motion. (see also sedimentation-velocity ultracentrifugation)

erasure

see imprinting

essential amino acid

An amino acid that is not synthesized by an organism at an adequate rate (or at all) from other amino acids or metabolites; therefore one that is a dietary requirement. Visit our amino acid chart page to learn more.

essential fatty acid

A fatty acid that is a dietary necessity, e.g. the polyunsaturated fatty acids linoleic acid and linolenic acid.

establishment

see imprinting

esterase

An esterase is a hydrolase enzyme that splits esters into an acid and an alcohol in a chemical reaction with water called hydrolysis. Esterases have been a significant part of insect biochemical research over the last 50 years. Esterases are common (biological catalysts) that play an essential role in regulating the physiological processes of organisms and contributing to disease prevention. The design and synthesis of an esterase-activated chemiluminescent probe (CL-EA) for the selective detection of esterases have been well-reported. Using the 1,2-dioxetane scaffold as the chemiluminescent platform and acetoxymethyl ether as the recognition group, the present probe was successfully lighted in the presence of esterases. As a result, a strong chemiluminescent signal was generated in an aqueous solution, thereby allowing the highly sensitive and specific detection of esterases. Furthermore, the probe is used to screen the activity of three plastic-degrading enzymes and image esterases in live cells and a mouse model. Learn more about restriction enzymes.

etioplast

An organelle of a higher plant that has been grown in the dark; it contains no chlorophyll but has chlorophyll precursors and in light can develop into chloroplast.

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