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a Related Biological Terms:

electrospray mass spectrometry (ES-MS)

(see mass spectrometry (MS))

electrostatic stabilization

(see entropy effect)

elongation cycle

The reactions of a ribosome that add one amino acid residue to the C-terminus of a growing polypeptide chain and move the ribosome three nucleotides towards the 3'-end of the mRNA.

elongation factor

An accessory protein that is required for transfer of amino acid residues to the polypeptide chain during translation.

elutriation centrifugation

(= centrifugal elutriation)

enantiomer

The mirror image of an asymmetrical compound. (see also diastereoisomer; epimer; stereoisomer)

enantioselective

Descriptive of a technique that results in one enantiomer in preference to the other. Enzymic reactions are typically enantiospecific, i.e. produce only one of the possible enantiomer products.Stinson, S.C. (1997) Chem. Eng. News 75 (17), 26-27

end ligation coincident sequence cloning (EL-CSC)

A technique for selection of DNA sequences common to two DNA populations. Of the two populations, the one of lowest complexity (or one made least complex by the creation of representations) is used in excess over the other population; it is cleaved by a restriction endonuclease and the fragments are ligated to linker oligonucleotides that will serve as primers, one of which is biotinylated; the other DNA population is cleaved by the same endonuclease. The two populations are mixed, denatured and annealed, and biotinylated fragments (i.e. including those from the second population that are also represented in the first) are isolated on a solid support, based on the presence of biotin. (The non-shared fragments from the second source are washed away.) The recovered fragments are then exposed to 'capture' oligonucleotides that are complementary to the linker oligonucleotides and will therefore be placed adjacent to the strands that originated in the second population; these strands are then ligated to the capture oligonucleotides. PCR using primers complementary to the capture oligonucleotides amplifies these fragments, which can be released from the primers by the endonuclease. Brookes, A.J., Slorach, E.M., Morrison, K.E., et al. (1994) Hum. Mol. Genet. 3, 2011-2017 Recommended reading: next generation sequencing

end-group analysis

A technique to determine the C-terminal or N-terminal residue of a protein. (see also Edman degradation; thiocyanate degradation)

end-point assay

An enzyme-based assay that measures the amount of material by the quantity of a substrate consumed or product formed over the course of a reaction. (see also kinetic assay)

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