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a Related Biological Terms:

downstream

In a polynucleotide chain, towards the 3' end. (see also upstream)

dsDNA

double-stranded DNA. (see also double helix (Watson-Crick model))

dsRNA

double-stranded RNA(see RNA interference)

dual-recognition model

(see altered-self hypothesis)

duty ratio

see molecular motor

dyad symmetry

A property of double-stranded DNA whereby one strand has the same base sequence (5'-to-3') as its complementary strand (5'-to-3'), which allows it to bind to a homodimeric or homotetrameric binding protein, e.g. the lac repressor. In practice, the term is applied to polynucleotide sequences that are more extensive, but have less perfect symmetry, than the palindromic sequences that are sites of restriction nuclease cleavage. Learn more about sgRNA.

dye terminator

(see Sanger method (dideoxynucleotide sequencing))

EF hand

The region in some homologous calcium-binding proteins where the ion is located. The E and F helices of calmodulin, troponin C, etc., resemble the extended index finger (E helix) and thumb (F helix) of the right hand. The ion is located in the pocket formed by the closest approach of the E and F helices to each other.

ELISA

enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; a technique that combines the specificity of an immunoglobulin with the detectability of an enzyme-generated chromophoric product to quantify a macromolecule. The enzyme is covalently attached to the immunoglobulin; when the latter is adsorbed to an antigen, its presence is revealed by the enzymic generation of a chromophore. Learn more about restriction enzymes.

EMSA

Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (= gel shift assay (electrophoretic mobility shift assay; EMSA))

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