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a Related Biological Terms:

coupled phosphorylation

The synthesis of the phosphate anhydride bonds of ATP using energy derived from the electron transport chain.

coupled plasmon-waveguide resonance (CPWR)

(see surface plasmon resonance)

coupled-enzyme assay

Coupled enzyme assay is a biochemical technique used to measure the activity of an enzyme in a sample. The assay involves coupling the activity of the enzyme being tested to another enzyme, which produces a detectable product that can be measured. This allows for the indirect measurement of the enzyme being tested. The coupled enzyme assay is particularly useful for enzymes that do not produce a readily measurable product or those that produce products that are difficult to measure directly. The assay can also be used to measure enzyme activity in complex mixtures such as cell lysates or tissue homogenates. The basic principle of the coupled enzyme assay is that the activity of one enzyme is linked to the activity of another enzyme. For example, the activity of an enzyme that converts substrate A to product B can be coupled to the activity of another enzyme that converts product B to a detectable product C. The formation rate of product C is then used to measure the activity of the first enzyme. The coupled enzyme assay typically involves several steps, including: 1. Preparation of the enzyme sample 2. Addition of the substrate and cofactors 3. Addition of the first enzyme and measurement of product B formation 4. Addition of the second enzyme and measurement of product C formation 5. Calculation of the activity of the first enzyme based on the rate of product C formation. The coupled enzyme assay is a versatile and widely used technique in biochemistry and molecular biology. It has applications in drug discovery, enzyme engineering, and metabolic pathway analysis.

coupling between conformational fluctuations

(see entropy effect)

coupling factor

A protein that permits the synthesis of ATP driven by the energy made available by mitochondrial electron transport.

covalent catalysis

A stage in some enzymic reactions in which one moiety of a substrate is attached by a covalent bond to the enzyme.

covalent modification

As applied to enzymes, the regulation of activity by modifications that may be reversible (e.g. phosphorylation or adenylation) or irreversible (e.g. limited proteolysis). (see also post-transcriptional modification; post-translational modification)

crenarchaeote

(see eukaryote)

crista

A deep indentation of the mitochondrial inner membrane.

critical micelle concentration (CMC)

The minimum concentration of a detergent at which it will form micelles and below which it is a true solution.

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