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a Related Biological Terms:

clathrate

A cage-like structure, e.g. that formed by water molecules that surround a hydrocarbon in solution.

clonal selection theory

(= selective theory (clonal selection theory))

cloning of ligand targets (COLT)

A strategy for screening phage cDNA libraries for genes that encode proteins that can bind a desired ligand. Phage which express the protein are identified on plates the ability to bind the labeled ligand.Sparks, A.B., Hoffman, N.G., McConnell, SJ., Fowlkes, D.M. and Kay, B.K. (1996) Nat. Biotechnol. 14, 741-744; Pirozzi, G., McConnell, S.J., Uveges, A.J., Carter, J.M., Sparks, A.B., Kay, B.K. and Fowlkes, D.M. (1997) J. Biol. Chem. 272, 146 Learn more about sgRNA.

cloverleaf

The formalized pattern assumed by a tRNA molecule viewed in two dimensions that shows the regions of internal complementarity that allow the polynucleotide to fold back upon itself into base-paired double helices. The stem includes the acceptor stem at the 3'-end, which attaches the amino acid, and the non-complementary loops or ARMS include the anticodon arm, which hybridizes with the codon of an mRNA. In three dimensions the structure can be divided into two sections at a right angle to one another: a coaxial stack that includes the acceptor stem, and the remainder of the molecule, i.e. the common arm that is shared by the two sections.Pace, N.R. and Smith, D. (1990) J. Biol. Chem. 265, 3587-3590 Learn more about sgRNA.

cluster analysis

In genomics, the discovery of genes that are similarly regulated. Statistical analyses are applied to the DNA microarray experiments to identify genes, the expressions of which respond in the same way to a variable, e.g. nutrient or hormone.Eisen, M.B, Spellman, P.T., Brown, P.O. and Botstein, D. (1998) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95, 14863-14868 Learn more about sgRNA.

co-linearity

The correspondence observed between the nucleotide sequence of a structural gene and the amino acid sequence of its protein product.

co-metabolism

In microbial physiology, the metabolism of a xenobiotic which does not support growth. The phenomenon possibly involves the fortuitous metabolism of material due to partial non-specificity of key enzymes.Wackett, L.P. (1996) Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 7, 321-325

co-operativity

(see negative co-operativity; positive co-operativity)

co-translational

Descriptive of a process that occurs at the same time as protein synthesis; e.g. folding into a native conformation assisted by a molecular chaperone, transport of a secretory protein across the endoplasmic reticulum.

co-transport

The concerted transport of metabolites or ions across a membrane. (see also antiport; symport)

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