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at Related Biological Terms:

Hirt lysate

A preparation from which low-molecular-mass extrachromosomal DNA may be isolated; made by rendering insoluble the higher-molecular-mass DNA and other cellular structures by treatment of cells with a detergent and a concentrated salt solution.

haemoglobinopathy (hemoglobinopathy)

An abnormality that may produce a disease the basis of which is an alteration in haemoglobin structure or synthesis.

half-chair conformation

The conformation of a pyranose ring that has been strained to place four adjacent atoms in one plane, e.g. the postulated transition state of the N-acetylglucosamine residue during lysozyme catalysis, in which C-1 becomes a planar carbocation.

heat-shock consensus element (HSE)

A 14 base pair polynucleotide sequence upstream from structural genes for heat-shock proteins, required for optimal expression. A somewhat longer polynucleotide sequence that includes flanking regions of the HSE is the heat-shock regulatory element.

heat-shock protein

One of the proteins produced by some cells when they are stressed, e.g. by an abrupt increase in temperature.

heat-shock regulatory element

(see heat-shock consensus element (HSE))

hemicatenane

(see plectonemic)

hemisubstrate

An enzyme inhibitor that acts in the initial phases of enzyme action as a substrate, but does not complete the catalytic cycle to regenerate an active enzyme; e.g. organophosphate ester anti-cholinesterases, which mimic acetylcholine in that the phosphoric acid moiety of the hemisubstrate acts like the acetly group of acetylcholine to form an ester with the enzyme's active-site serine residue but, unlike the acetyl-enzyme intermediate of the normal enzymic action, the phosphoryl-enzyme is only very slowly hydrolysed to regenerate an active enzyme.

hemoglobinopathy

(= haemoglobinopathy (hemoglobinopathy))

hepato-

A prefix that indicates the liver, e.g. hepatocyte.

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