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at Related Biological Terms:

heterochromatin

In cytology, the heavily staining regions of chromosomes that contain condensed chromatin. (see also euchromatin)

heteroduplex analysis (mismatch analysis)

A method for detection of single base substitutions in DNA fragments. The PCR-amplified putatively mutated DNA fragment is mixed with homologous normal DNA fragments; any mutated sequence is much more dilute than the normal sequence and will therefore be less likely to re-anneal. They will appear on polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis as band mobility shifts, especially under mildly denaturing conditions, and will indicate the presence of heteroduplexes.White, M.B., Carvalho, M., Derse, D., et al. (1992) genomics 12, 301-306

heterolactate fermentation

(see homolactate fermentation)

hexose monophosphate shunt

(= pentose phosphate pathway)

hierarchical condensation

The hypothesis that, during the folding of a protein in solution, some regions are much more likely to adopt a secondary structure and that, once formed, these interact to direct the subsequent course of folding. This hypothesis is a component of the framework model.

high-energy phosphate

A phosphate anhydride, enol phosphate or similar compound whose hydrolysis is associated with a large decrease in free energy. (see also high-energy bond; phosphagen)

high-performance liquid chromatography

(= high-pressure (high-performance) liquid chromatography (HPLC))

high-pressure (high-performance) liquid chromatography (HPLC)

A technique for rapid separation of solutes on a solid support, based on ion-exchange, gel permeation or partition principles; reverse-phase HPLC is when the stationary phase has a non-polar coat; microbore or narrow-bore HPLC is adapted to small quantities and high sensitivity by scaling down.

homochromatography

A form of displacement chromatography in which unlabelled species, e.g. oligonucleotides, displace labelled ones to achieve improved separation. After electrophoresis in one dimension the initially separated material is transferred from a paper strip to a thin layer chromatography plate that is developed with a solution that contains the unlabelled species and displaces the labelled ones from sites on the ion-exchange stationary phase.

homogenate

An unfractionated, cell-free, preparation of tissue prepared by disruption of tissue structure and breakage of cell walls, e.g. with a Potter-Elvehjem homogenizer or by use of ultrasonic vibrations.

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