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fast-atom bombardment (FAB) mapping

A technique for comparison of recombinant with natural proteins or with expected structures. A protein is cleaved by a specific enzymic (e.g. trypsin) or chemical (e.g. CNBr) method and the product is characterized by FAB mass spectrometry. (see also fast-atom bombardment mass spectrometry (FAB-MS))

fast-atom bombardment mass spectrometry (FAB-MS)

A technique for the analysis of protein sequence and structure. A high energy beam of atoms or ions (Cs or Xe) vapourizes, fragments and ionizes a protein solution, the mass spectrum of which gives details of the peptide sequence and post-translational modifications such as N-terminal acylation, glycosylation, phosphorylation and disulphide bridging. Flow FAB is a variant that analyses the continuous liquid stream from a high pressure liquid chromatography or capillary electrophoresis separation. (see also fast-atom bombardment (FAB) mapping)

fat

Usually neutral fat; triacylglycerols.

fatty acid

A carboxy group on an alkyl chain that is usually unbranched; may be a short-chain (alkyl group contains less than 7 carbons), medium-chain or long-chain (alkyl group contains more than about 11 carbons) fatty acid.

feed-forward regulation

control of a metabolic pathway by a metabolite of the pathway that acts in the same direction as the metabolic flux, i.e. downstream or 'later' in the pathway, e.g. the activation of pyruvate kinase by fructose 1,6-bisphosphate. (see also feedback regulation)

feedback regulation

control of a metabolic pathway by a metabolite of the pathway that acts in the direction opposite to metabolic flux, i.e. upstream or 'earlier' in the pathway. (see also feed-forward regulation)

fermentation

The anaerobic degradation, usually by a micro-organism, of a sugar (or other source of energy) and biosynthetic intermediates, during which secondary metabolites may be produced.

fibre fluorescence in situ hybridization

A technique that applies in situ hybridization methodology to individual DNA fibers in order to map the sequence of genetic markers along them.Horelli-Kuitunen, N., Aaltonen, J., Yaspo, M.-L., Eeva, M., Wessman, M., Peltonen, L. and Palotie, A. (1999) genome Res. 9, 62-71

field ionization mass spectrometry

(see mass spectrometry (MS))

field-flow (field-force) fractionation (FFF)

A group of techniques for resolution of mixtures of macromolecules or colloidal particles. An external driving force (e.g. gravitational, electrical, magnetic) is applied perpendicular to the direction of continuous flow of the mixture through an elongated chamber, and the deflection of each suspended species in the field directs it to a unique area on the accumulation surface of the chamber.

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