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a Related Biological Terms:

gamma ()-globulin

Gamma globulin or immunoglobulin (Ig) refers to proteins present in the blood plasma. Blood serum gel electrophoresis separates proteins into five distinct bands corresponding to Albumin, alpha 1-globulin, alpha 2-globulin, beta-globulin, and gamma-globulin. The gamma globulin fraction is rich in antibodies. Antibodies are classified into five different isotypes (i.e., IgM, IgD, IgG, IgA, and IgE) based on their heavy chain composition. IgG is the most abundant antibody isotype in the blood plasma. Gamma globulins may be administered parenterally as a therapeutic option. Intravenous gamma globulin (IVIG) boosts immunity and is a treatment option in cases of immunodeficiencies to help prevent infections. Related reading: igm

gap junction (cell-to-cell channel)

A connection between adjacent cells that allows small molecules and ions, e.g. amino acids, sugars and nucleotides, to pass from the cytoplasm of one cell to the cytoplasm of the other.

gas-phase analogy

(see entropy effect)

gas-phase sequencing

(see solid-phase sequencing)

gastrulation

During early embryogenesis, the invagination and reshaping of the cells of the blastoderm that results in differentiation into ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm.

gate

A regulated channel through which ions pass across the plasma membrane; gating is the opening and closing of the channel.

gatekeeper protein

A protein that monitors transfer of a protein from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus and prevents transfer of newly synthesized proteins with inappropriate conformations or with unpaired thiol groups.

gating

(see gate)

gauche conformation

An arrangement in space of the carbon-carbon bonds of the alkyl chains of a fatty acid residue of a membrane lipid. The backbone of the chain is rotated 120° from the trans conformation, to force the backbone into making a 60° turn through the bond.

gel filtration chromatography

A technique for separation of soluble compounds according to size, based on their relative ability to penetrate the carefully sized pores of the stationary gel phase.

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