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nk cell therapy

NK cell therapy, also known as Natural Killer cell therapy, is a form of immunotherapy that harnesses the power of natural killer (NK) cells to treat certain types of cancer and other diseases. NK cells are a type of cytotoxic lymphocyte, which means they have the ability to directly kill infected or cancerous cells without the need for prior sensitization or recognition of specific antigens.

In NK cell therapy, NK cells are collected from a donor or a patient, and they may be further isolated, expanded, or activated in the laboratory. The goal is to generate a large number of functional NK cells that can be infused back into the patient to target and destroy cancer cells.

The mechanism of action of NK cell therapy involves the following:

1. Recognition: NK cells can recognize certain stress molecules or abnormal cell surface markers on infected or cancerous cells. Unlike T-cells, which require specific antigens and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules to recognize target cells, NK cells can directly identify stressed or abnormal cells.

2. Killing: Once activated, NK cells release cytotoxic granules containing perforin and granzymes, which induce cell death in the target cells. They can also activate other immune cells, such as macrophages and dendritic cells, to enhance the immune response.

NK cell therapy has shown promising results in the treatment of various cancers, particularly hematological malignancies such as acute myeloid leukemia (AML), acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). It is also being explored for the treatment of solid tumors and other diseases, including viral infections and autoimmune disorders.

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