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kingdom

kingdom was formerly considered the top taxonomic rank. In the scheme of Whittaker (1975) there are five biological kindoms, one prokaryotic and 4 eukaryotic:Monera (also known as bacteria or prokaryotes)Protista (protists; all the eukaryotic organisms that don't fit in another kingdom; an alternate definition calls them Protoctista and defines them by which organelles they have)fungi (the fungi; eukaryotic)Plantae (the plants; eukaryotic)Animalia (the animals; eukaryotic)More recently, however, Carl Woese's work, combined with the gene sequencing of certain extremophiles, has LED to the realization that there are two groups of prokaryotes that differ from each other as much as they differ from eukaryotes. This LED to the creation of a taxonomic level above kindom, known as "domain." In the 3-domain system, there are still 4 eukaryotic kingdoms (Protista or Protoctista, fungi, Animalia, and Plantae), but a consensus has not really been reached as to the number of kingdoms within the two prokaryotic domains.

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