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a Related Biological Terms:

agarose

A highly purified agar derivative that is used as an electrophoresis and chromatography support.

agglutination

The clumping together of cells that are suspended in a fluid.

agglutinin

A compound that cross-links cells, e.g. a lectin, an antigen that reacts with sensitized cells.

aggregation

The formation of higher-molecular-mass species due to non-covalent adherence of smaller species. Especially for proteins, aggregation is a form of denaturation in which non-polar surfaces of secondary structures, e.g. those of a-helices and β-sheets that normally form intramolecular interactions and are buried within the interior of the protein, are allowed to interact intermolecularly and to form multimolecular forms that are sometimes insoluble. aggregation is contrasted with oligomerization, the normal interaction of native, correctly folded, proteins into higher-order multimers.

aggretope

A consensus sequence that permits a protein, usually a foreign protein, to bind to a particular major histocompatibility complex protein of a T-cell.

aglycone

The non-sugar moiety of a glycoside.

agonist

A compound, often a hormone or its analogue, that binds to a receptor and elicits a response. (see also antagonist)

ala scan

A series of structural variants of a peptide synthesized in order to evaluate the contribution of each residue to the peptide's binding. In each variant a different residue is replaced with an alanine residue, and the affinity of the variant peptide is measured and compared with that of the original.

alarmone

A metabolite that signals a cell's response to changing environmental conditions, e.g. guanosine-3',5'-bispyrophosphate in bacteria, diadenosine-5,5'-P1,P4-tetraphosphate in blood cells. (see also stringent bacteria)

albumin

Originally, a protein that is soluble in salt-free water and that will coagulate when heated; also the principal protein of plasma or serum. (see also globulin)

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