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a Related Biological Terms:

amplimer

A PCR primer. (see also polymerase chain reaction (PCR))

amyloplast

An organelle of plants that synthesizes and stores starch.

anabolism

Those energy-requiring metabolic pathways that result in synthesis of macromolecules and their building blocks, e.g. gluconeogenesis, fatty acid synthesis. (see also amphibolic pathway; catabolism)

anabolite

A metabolite built up from more simple compounds. (see also catabolite)

anaerobic glycolysis

(see glycolysis)

analyte

Material evaluated in an assay.

analytical ultracentrifugation

A technique of very-high-speed centrifugation that sediments soluble macromolecules and characterizes them according to their rate of sedimentation (sedimentation-velocity ultracentrifugation) or the extent of their sedimentation (equilibrium sedimentation ultracentrifugation). (see also density-gradient centrifugation)

anaplerotic pathway

Metabolic reactions that replenish the pools of intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. These pools may become depleted, as they also serve as precursors for amino acid synthesis, gluconeogenesis and other anabolic reactions.

anchored PCR

A variation of the PCR technique, similar to ligation-mediated PCR, that is applied to double-stranded DNA fragments for which the sequence at only one end of the gene is known. The technique allows amplification of a complete sequence of a gene when only the N-terminal sequence of a protein is known. A short polynucleotide of known sequence is ligated to the 3'-ends of the double-stranded DNA so that a primer complementary to it can be added, along with the primer determined from the partial protein sequence. (see also ligand-mediated PCR (LMPCR))Appenzeller, T. (1990) Science 247, 1030-1032; Loh, E. (1991) Methods Companion Methods Enzymol. 2, 11-19

anchored reference marker

One of many genes that are used in mapping of chromosomes. Having a well defined locus within a chromosome, it is used to test for genetic linkage in order to localize new traits; also, in comparative genetics, to test for conservation of linkages which may be of functional significance. O'Brien, S.J., Womak, J.E., Lyons, A., et al. (1993) Nature Genet. 3, 103-112

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