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a Related Biological Terms:

acid blob

A feature of DNA-binding proteins that activate yeast transcription. The only characteristic of these activating regions seems to be the high density of acidic amino acid residues.

acid protease

(= aspartate proteinase)

acinar cell

A secretory cell within an acinus.

acinus

A cluster of secretory cells surrounding a duct.

acrosome

A specialized lysosome of a spermatozoon that contains hyaluronidase, the proteinase acrosin and other hydrolytic enzymes.

action spectrum

A measure of the effectiveness of various wavelengths in promoting photosynthesis; usually a plot of photosynthetic efficiency against wavelength.

activation

In immunology, the immune response of an organism to a foreign substance; lack of a response is called tolerance.

activation energy

The energy needed to raise the reactants, or an enzyme-substrate complex, to the transition state, where it has an equal likelihood of conversion to product or reversion to reactants. This value is commonly evaluated in an Arrhenius plot, lnk against 1/T, where k is the rate constant, T is the absolute temperature and the slope is Ea/R (Ea is the activation energy and R the gas constant). (see also Q10; reaction co-ordinate)

activator

In enzyme kinetics, a compound that increases the rate of an enzymic reaction. (see also allostery)

active acetaldehyde

The CH3CHOH- group when attached to the thiamin pyrophosphate prosthetic group of pyruvate decarboxylase in the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.

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