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DNA transformation

DNA transformation is a process by which a cell takes up foreign DNA from its surroundings and incorporates it into its own genetic material. This method is widely used in molecular biology and biotechnology for genetic manipulation and research. The key aspects of DNA transformation include:

1. Uptake of Foreign DNA: In the transformation process, cells (usually bacteria, yeast, or plant cells) take up external DNA. This DNA can be a plasmid, a small circular DNA molecule, or linear DNA fragments.

2. Natural Transformation: Some bacteria are naturally competent, meaning they can naturally take up DNA from their environment. This process is significant in bacterial evolution, as it allows for the exchange of genetic material between different strains or species.

3. Artificial Transformation: In laboratory settings, cells that are not naturally competent are often made competent through various treatments. For bacteria, this might involve exposing them to calcium ions and then heat-shocking them, which makes their cell membrane permeable to DNA. Other methods include electroporation (using an electric field to increase cell membrane permeability) and particle bombardment for plant cells.

4. Integration into the Genome: Once inside the cell, the foreign DNA may integrate into the host genome or, in the case of plasmids, remain separate and replicate independently within the cell.

5. Expression of New Genes: If the foreign DNA contains genes, these genes may be expressed in the host cell, leading to the production of new proteins. This is a key aspect of using transformation in genetic engineering - for example, to produce insulin or other pharmaceuticals in bacteria.

6. Selection of Transformed Cells: Often, the foreign DNA includes a selectable marker gene, such as antibiotic resistance. After transformation, cells are grown in the presence of the antibiotic; only those that have successfully taken up and expressed the marker gene will survive.

7. Applications in Research and Biotechnology: DNA transformation is used to study gene function, produce recombinant proteins, create genetically modified organisms (GMOs), and in various other applications in research and biotechnology.

DNA transformation is a fundamental tool in genetic engineering, allowing scientists to manipulate and study the genetic material of cells in a controlled manner.

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Service and Products

Gene Synthesis

Offer gene synthesis of 100% sequence guarantee, free codon optimization, DNA synthesis in as fast as 4 days.

ORF cDNA Clones and Custom Clones

Largest commercial ORF clones database, 70,000 next-day shipping ORF clones.

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Express Cloning & Subcloning

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Mutation and Library Services

Mutagenesis Portfolio offers several mutation and library services to meet various customers’ needs.

Oligo Synthesis

Bridge the gap between chemically synthesized oligos and bological applications.

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