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Artificial chromosome

Artificial chromosomes are vectors designed to carry large amounts of DNA, and constructed from host cell chromosomal elements with the properties of the origin of replication, telomeres, and centromere (in eukaryotes). So that it replicates and is segregated during cell division in the same way as a normal chromosome. They are mainly used to prepare genomic libraries since they can carry very large inserts (in the Mbp range). They have also been used in expression studies. Yeast artificial chromosomes are the most commonly used type.

Artificial chromosomes are artificially created chromosomes having the properties of centromeres, telomeres, and origins of replication, and specified sequences required for their stable maintenance within the cell as autonomous, self-replicating chromosomes. Due to these properties, there is no need for integration of the transgene into the host genome. The development of P1 artificial chromosomes and bacterial artificial chromosomes permitted the cloning of far larger DNA fragments.

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