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at Related Biological Terms:

elutriation centrifugation

(= centrifugal elutriation)

end ligation coincident sequence cloning (EL-CSC)

A technique for selection of DNA sequences common to two DNA populations. Of the two populations, the one of lowest complexity (or one made least complex by the creation of representations) is used in excess over the other population; it is cleaved by a restriction endonuclease and the fragments are ligated to linker oligonucleotides that will serve as primers, one of which is biotinylated; the other DNA population is cleaved by the same endonuclease. The two populations are mixed, denatured and annealed, and biotinylated fragments (i.e. including those from the second population that are also represented in the first) are isolated on a solid support, based on the presence of biotin. (The non-shared fragments from the second source are washed away.) The recovered fragments are then exposed to 'capture' oligonucleotides that are complementary to the linker oligonucleotides and will therefore be placed adjacent to the strands that originated in the second population; these strands are then ligated to the capture oligonucleotides. PCR using primers complementary to the capture oligonucleotides amplifies these fragments, which can be released from the primers by the endonuclease. Brookes, A.J., Slorach, E.M., Morrison, K.E., et al. (1994) Hum. Mol. Genet. 3, 2011-2017

endoplasmic reticulum-associated protein degradation (ERAD)

The transport of unfolded or mis-folded proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum to the cytoplasm, where they are degraded by proteasomes.see unfolded protein response

energy minimization

(see molecular dynamics)

enterohepatic circulation

The movement of a metabolite, e.g. a bile acid, from secretion by the gall bladder into the lumen of the intestine, its absorption, transport to the liver, and re-secretion in the bile.

envelope conformation

A conformation of a five-membered ring, e.g. a furanose, in which four ring atoms lie in a plane and C-2 or C-3 (2-endo or 3-endo) is out of the plane. (see also twist conformation)

enzyme-activated inhibitor

(= suicide inhibitor; see mechanism-based inhibitor)

enzyme-substrate complex (Michaelis complex)

The association of a substrate with an enzyme that is an obligatory intermediate in conversion of the substrate into the product of the enzymic reaction.

epigenetic state

The condition of a cell that has been programmed during early embryogenesis, e.g. into ectoderm, endoderm or mesoderm, to a developmental fate that will be expressed many generations later.

equatorial

(see axial)

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