gene Related Biological Terms

The second Filial generation, produced by selfing or intercrossing the F1.

offspring generation. F1 is the first offspring or Filial generation; F2 is the second; and so on. Successive generations of progeny in a controlled series of crosses, starting with two specific parents (the P generation) and selfing or intercrossing the progeny of each new (F1; F2; . . . ) generation.

A classical genetic approach, where one starts with a mutation phenotype and works toward identifing the mutated gene. See reverse genetics

A hybrid gene created by joining portions of two different genes (to produce a new protein) or by joining a gene to a different promoter (to alter or regulate gene transcription).

The process of activation of a gene so that it is expressed at a particular time and location.

development of cDNA microarrays from a large number of genes. Used to monitor and measure changes in gene expression for each gene represented on the chip.

The production of a Lineage of cells all of which contain one kind of DNA fragment of interest derived from a population of many kinds of DNA fragments. Operationally by: inserting (recombining) a population of DNA molecules, known to contain the DNA of interest, into a population of vector DNA molecules in such a way that each vector molecule contains only a single DNA molecule from the original population; transforming a population of Host cells with the vector DNA recombinants such that each Host cell takes up only one vector; growing single Host cells separately (cloning) by plating at low density to form a collection of separate colonies; screening the colonies (clones) formed for the presence of the DNA of interest.

The number of copies of a particular gene present in the genome.

The process of producing a protein from its DNA- and mRNA-coding sequences.

A set of genes in one genome all descended from the same ancestral gene. A group of genes that has arisen by duplication of an ancestral gene. The genes in the family may or may not have diverged from each other.