gene Related Biological Terms

The cytological approach to genetics, mainly involving microscopic studies of chromosomes.

A code in which several code words have the same meaning. The genetic code is degenerate because there are many instances in which different codons specify the same amino acid. A genetic code in which some amino acids may each be encoded by more than one codon.

Altering some specific part of a cloned gene and reintroducing the modified gene back into the organism.

Generations that have no overlapping reproduction. All reproduction takes place between individuals in the same generation.

The dorsal/ventral boundary of the developing wing imaginal disc structures the growth of the entire wing. Dorsal-ventral Patterning Genes transcription factors: brinker, dorsal, bagpipe, CrebA, C-terminal binding protein, Medea, nejire, pannier, schnurri, single minded, snail, tinman, twist, zerknüllt ventral lateral system or spitz group: pointed, rhomboid, single minded, sichel (maternal), spitz, Star Secreted factors: dpp, folded gastrulation, screw, short gastrulation, twisted gastrulation, tolloid, tolloid related-1 receptors for DPP: punt, saxophone, thick veins DPP pathway: Medea, MAD regulation of genes involved in dorsal-ventral patterning Dorsoventral patterning of the Drosophila Embryo is initiated by a broad Dorsal nuclear gradient, which is regulated by a conserved signaling pathway that includes the Toll receptor and Pelle kinase.

An identical locus mapping to a second site in a genome.

theory holding that development is a gradual process of increasing complexity. (This contrasts with preformationism, which holds that the organism is already present in the gamete(s), and merely grows and unfolds during development.) For example, organs are formed de novo in the Embryo rather than increasing in size from pre-existing structures.

heritable phenotypes in which the genotype does not appear to play a role. These phenomena may be due to unknown or poorly understood mechanisms of gene control. Examples of epigenetic inheritance in which gene activity depends on heritable influences are paramutation and parental imprinting.

A gene is said to be epistatic when its presence suppresses the effect of a gene at another locus. epistatic genes are sometimes called inhibiting genes because of their effect on other genes which are described as hypostatic. Example: A -> B-> C -> D gene C is epistatic to genes A and B, but not D.

The first Filial generation, produced by crossing two parental lines.