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s Related Biological Terms:

blood group substances

The oligosaccharide moieties of glycoproteins that appear in many biological fluids (saliva, urine, milk) as well as on the surface of erythrocytes. These antigens, upon reaction with specific antibodies, cause agglutination of the cells to which they are attached. Examples are the A, B and O antigens.

blunt ended (flush ended)

Descriptive of the structure of double-stranded DNA in which neither strand of the duplex extends further from the end than the other; often the product of cleavage by a restriction endonuclease. (see also sticky ended)

bottlebrush

(see proteoglycan (mucopolysaccharide))

branch site

In RNA splicing, the site to which the 5'-guanylate at the end of an intron is joined to an adenylate residue within the intron through a 2',5'-phosphodiester bond to form a 'lariat' intermediate. (see also self-splicing)

branch-point sequence (BPS)

The sequence near the 3'-end of an intron of nuclear mRNA that contains the adenosine residue which, as the intron is excised, will accept the guanosine residue at the 5'-end of the intron.(see also pre-mRNA splicing)Maniatis, T. (1991) Science 251, 33-34

breakthrough organism

A progenote; in early evolution, the first organism able to transmit genetic information, even if with only marginal fidelity. Benner, S.A. and Ellington, A.D. (1990) Science 248, 943-944

brown adipose tissue

Thermogenic fatty tissue with a high content of relatively uncoupled mitochondria; especially prominent in infants, located around the kidneys and neck.

brush border

The apical surface of intestinal epithelia, characterized by microvilli that extend into the lumen.

-clast

A suffix that indicates a cell that destroys or resorbs, e.g. osteoclast.

C kinase

(= protein kinase C (PKC))

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