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s Related Biological Terms:

Beer's law

A quantitative treatment of the absorption of monochromatic light by a solution. The equation A=log(I0/I) defines A (the absorbance, which is proportional to the concentration of the chromophore), I0 (the intensity of the incident light) and I (the intensity of light having passed through 1cm of the solution). T, the transmission, is defined as A=-logT. (see also Beer-Lambert equation)

Bence Jones protein

The immunoglobulin light chains that are synthesized in large amounts and are secreted into the urine by multiple myeloma patients.

Benedict's solution

(see reducing sugar)

British anti-lewisite (BAL)

2,3-Dimercaptopropanol, an antidote for poisoning by arsenite which reacts with reduced lipoic acid.

bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC)

A cloning vector that can accept up to 350-kb fragments for cloning and sequencing of fragments of the human genome. Phage artificial chromosomes are similarly used.(see also cosmid; yeast artificial chromosome (YAC))Venter, J.C., Smith, H.O. and Hood, L. (1996) Nature (London) 381, 364-366

balanced polymorphism

The result of selective pressures for and against a deleterious mutation that permits it to persist in a population. An example is the stable presence in Africa of the sickle cell gene due to the protection against malaria enjoyed by heterozygotes, i.e. those with sickle cell trait.

band competition assay

(= gel retardation assay; see gel shift assay (electrophoretic mobility shift assay; EMSA))

band compression

An electrophoresis artifact in which DNA fragments differing in length by only one nucleotide are unresolved, sometimes observed through a series of consecutive guanine nucleotides.

basal metabolic rate

(= resting metabolic rate (RMR))

base

In nucleic acid chemistry, one of the nitrogenous compounds, i.e. purines and pyrimidines, that are incorporated into nucleosides, nucleotides and nucleic acids. The most common bases are adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine and uracil, abbreviated as A, C, G, T and U respectively.

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