Structure of a TLR4-interacting SPA4 peptide.

We have recently identified a Toll-like receptor (TLR4)-interacting SPA4 peptide encoding amino acids: GDFRYSDGTPVNYTNWYRGE, a shorter region of human surfactant protein-A (SP-A). The SPA4 peptide suppressed lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation (JPET 2011, Innate Immun 2013). In this report, we examined the structure of synthetic SPA4 peptide in solution by circular dichroism (CD) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The CD analysis revealed that the SPA4 peptide is composed of ~35% beta sheet and <5% alpha helix. We used solution NMR to solve the structure of the SPA4 peptide. We calculated NMR structures using Nuclear Overhauser Enhancement (NOE) distance restraints. The superposition of the low energy structures indicated that the central 6-14 amino acids "SDGTPVNYT" of the 20mer SPA4 peptide form a turn, and amino acids on either side (GDFRY and NWYRGE) conform to flexible arms. Furthermore, thermal denaturation experiments demonstrated the structural flexibility of the peptide. The NMR structures of the SPA4 peptide align well with the homologous region within the available structure of rat SP-A and a computationally-docked model of SP-A-TLR4-MD2 protein complex. Together, our results support the structural adaptability of SPA4 peptide for binding to TLR4.