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Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR)

The special case of the application to the infrared spectrum (10-6-10-4 m) of interference optics. To avoid the disadvantage of dispersion/slit optics (the use of a prism or grating to separate polychromatic light into a spectrum and the exclusion of all the light except that of the desired wavelength), which utilizes only a very small fraction of the incident light, interference optics is used to decompose the absorption of polychromatic light. White light is split into two beams when it strikes a semi-transparent mirror; a system of mirrors rejoins the two beams at a detector. The pathlength of one beam may be adjusted by use of a moveable mirror so that this beam of light constructively interferes with, or re-enforces, the other when the two paths are exactly equal, or differ by an exact multiple of the wavelength; or it destructively interferes with it when the two paths differs by an exact multiple plus half the wavelength. The device, therefore, acts as a very narrow bandpass filter. When, under destructive interference conditions, a sample is introduced into one of the beams, the appearance of light at the detector is proportional to the absorbance of light at the selected wavelength by the sample. The intensity of energy at the detector is monitored as the pathlength is continuously varied over an informative range (800-4000 cm-1). The technique has been adapted to microscopic samples to obtain information on protein secondary structure.Lewis, E.N., Treado, P.J., Reeder, R.C., Story, G.M., Dowrey, A.E., Marcott, C., Levin, I.W. (1995) Anal. Chem. 67, 3377-3381; Lester, D.S., Kidder, L.H., Levin, I.W. and Lewis, E.N. (1998) Cell. Mol. Biol. 44 29-38

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